李瑞景 王 毅
By Li Ruijing and Wang Yi
8月1日，美国国务卿布林肯宣布，美国将向乌克兰再提供总价达5.5亿美元的军事援助。自俄乌冲突爆发以来，美国已向乌克兰提供总计87亿美元的军事援助。美国为乌克兰持续提供军事援助，旨在让乌克兰危机延续下去，最大程度服务其自身利益。显然，军事援助不仅成为美国持续“拱火”的工具，还是其维护霸权的一大帮手。
On August 1, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced that the US would provide Ukraine with an extra USD 550 million military aid package. In all, the US has provided Ukraine with a total of USD 8.7 billion worth of military aid since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. In doing so, the US aims to perpetuate the Ukrainian crisis and serve its own interests to the greatest extent possible. Obviously, the military aid has turned out to be a tool for the US to keep “fanning the flames”, and a major helper in maintaining its hegemony.
意图巩固全球霸权
Aiming to consolidate the US' global hegemony
美国推行军援绝非做慈善。美国通过对外输出军事援助，企图进一步扩大同盟体系和影响力，建立和维护其全球霸权。
The US military aid is by no means charitable. Instead, the US side is attempting to further expand its alliance and influence, so as to establish and maintain its global hegemony.
冷战期间，在与苏联争夺全球霸权的过程中，美国祭出军事援助手段。为遏制围堵社会主义阵营，美国首先在北约框架下，向西欧国家提供大量军援，强化前沿对抗硬实力。1963年，受美国军援国家和地区数量由1952年的28个增至72个。上世纪80年代后，美国提出进一步围堵苏联的“新遏制战略”，对外军援范围再次扩大，至1988年已达102个。
During the Cold War period, the US utilized the measure of offering military aid in its struggle for global hegemony with the Soviet Union. In order to contain the socialist camp, the US first of all, offered a large amount of military aid to western European countries under the framework of NATO to practically strengthen their confrontation power on the front line. In 1963, the number of countries and regions assisted by the US increased to 72 from 28 in 1952. After the 1980s, the US proposed a new containment strategy ” to further contain the Soviet Union, along with the scope of foreign military aid expanded again, having reached up to 102 countries and regions by 1988.
后冷战时代，美国肆意扩大军事援助的对象，意图巩固其全球霸主地位。“9•11”事件后，为打赢全球反恐战争，美国不断扩大军援范围和金额，将伊拉克、阿富汗、巴基斯坦及非洲等反恐战争前沿国家和地区列为主要军援对象。美国军援金额也从2001年的46.4亿美元猛增至2008年的164.7亿美元。奥巴马上台后，美国对亚太地区国家的军援呈上升趋势。当前，在“印太战略”指导下，美国以军援为手段，加快在印太地区落子布局，建立排他“小圈子”，挑动阵营对抗。
In the post-Cold War era, the US recklessly expanded its scope of military aid, intending to consolidate its global hegemony. After the 9/11 attacks, the US continued to expand the scope and amount of military aid, with major countries and regions in this regard such as Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Africa included as the main targets for military aid, to win the global counterterrorism campaign. The amount of US military aid also jumped from USD 4.64 billion in 2001 to USD 16.47 billion in 2008. After Barack Obama took office, the US military aid to countries in the Asia-Pacific region has been on the rise. As of now, under the guidance of the so-called Indo-Pacific Strategy, the US has sped up its deployment in the region with the help of military aid and established exclusive “small groups” to provoke confrontation between camps.
操纵不成反受其累
Failure in manipulation and trapped by troubles
军援对美国是一把“双刃剑”，在获取安全利益的同时，也会对其自身产生反噬作用。
Military aid is a "double-edged sword" to the US, which is to benefit its security while having a backlash against itself.
苛刻的条件往往造成美国与受援国之间的矛盾。受援国一方面确实需要美国军援以获取短期直接安全利益，但另一方面又十分担心军援中的附加条款粗暴干涉其内政，从而导致对美国心生不满。同时，长期的军援关系也导致受援国在安全上严重依赖美国，从而形成两国间的不平等安全关系。不满情绪与不平等关系的长期发酵，为美国与受援国关系埋下隐患。如，2003 年，哥伦比亚、南非、保加利亚等35个国家因拒绝给予美公民免受国际刑事法院起诉的“豁免权”，导致美国宣布终止当年对这些受援国共计4760万美元的军援。
Harsh bargains often lead to conflicts between the US and recipient countries. On the one hand, the recipient countries are really in need of military aid from the US to get direct security benefits in the short run; on the other hand, they are worried that the additional clauses to the military aid may grossly interfere with their internal affairs, then dissatisfaction with the US arising. At the same time, the long-term relationship based on military aid has also caused the recipient countries to rely heavily on the US for security, thus unequal bilateral security relations coming into being. The long-term fermentation of dissatisfaction and unequal relations has thus laid hidden dangers for the relationship between the US and recipient countries. For instance, 35 countries including Colombia, South Africa, and Bulgaria refused to grant US citizens immunity from prosecution from the International Criminal Court, which led to the termination of US military aid to these countries in 2003, totaling USD 47.6 million.
美国还时常深陷把军援交给“未来敌人”的窘境。一个明显的例子就是，美国在阿富汗战争时期对塔利班的军援，客观上也相当于培养了美军在阿富汗的“掘墓人”。特别是美国的军援经常被输送到战乱或存在战争风险的地区，而大量武器装备的流入又加剧该地区的紧张局势，从而扩大战乱风险。受援国一旦政权垮台，新政权往往自带“反美基因”，利用美国提供的各类军援进行反美活动，着实让美国“搬起石头砸了自己的脚”。
The US has also often been caught in the dilemma of handing its military aid to “future enemies”. This is obviously shown by the US military aid granted to the Taliban during the war in Afghanistan, which was actually used to train “grave diggers” for the US military in Afghanistan. In particular, the US military aid has often been sent to war-torn areas or areas of higher risks of war, and the influx of large quantity of weapons and equipment would be sure to even intensify tensions therein, thereby expanding the risks of war. Once the regime of the recipient country collapses, the new regime tends to have its own “anti-America genes” and uses the US military aid of diverse types to carry out anti-America activities, really making the US shoot itself in the foot.
美国军援不仅反噬自身，也经常将战乱和动荡带到世界各地。今天发生在全球的几乎每一场局部战争，背后都有美国军援的影子。而且，美国援助的武器可能会通过黑市流入恐怖组织手中，增加全球恐怖主义风险。可以说，美国军援就是世界各地动荡的“幕后黑手”。
The US military aid tends to deliver a hit to the US itself and bring wars and turmoil around the world. Almost every local war happening around the world today has been covered with the shadow of US military aid. Moreover, weapons aided by the US may get into terrorist organizations through a certain black market, increasing the risk of terrorism across the world. It can be said that the US military aid is but a backstage manipulator behind the global turmoil.
